Blue Sapphire receives its blue hue from the iron and titanium atoms replacing some of the aluminum ions in the crystal's lattice structure. The color is further enhanced by the presence of tiny rutile needles that scatter light and gives sparkling appearance.

The gemstone is a form of corundum, which is a mineral composed of aluminum and oxygen. The yellow color comes from the presence of trace elements, such as iron and chromium.

Opals are formed from a delicate balance between silica and water that has been deposited underground over millions of years. The way the spheres are stacked creates a play of colors that reflects and refracts light in different ways.

Ruby has been coveted since ancient times for its vivid red hue and undeniable beauty. Ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum, with the color coming from the presence of chromium. Rubies have been believed to impart various healing properties to the wearer.

Emerald gets its color due to the presence of chromium and vanadium, which absorb light in the blue and yellow regions of the spectrum, leaving the green wavelength to be reflected back to the eye.

Essentially, pearls are formed inside the shells of certain mollusks, such as oysters and mussels. The formation of a pearl is a complex and delicate process, which is governed by a number of different factors, such as the temperature, water quality, and even the genetics of the mollusk that produces the pearl.

With organic compounds that lend it its vibrant colors, coral gemstones have been found to be quite delicate- sensitive to both chemicals and temperature changes. Yet, despite its fragility, coral is a popular choice.